Analysis of Organisational Culture at Google The WritePass Journal

Examination of Organizational Culture at Google 1.Introduction Examination of Organizational Culture at Google 1.Introduction2. Authoritative Background3. Analysis3.1 Data collection3.2 Theories applied4. ParadigmOrganizational Perception Interpretation4.1 Burrell Morgan’s Sociological Paradigms Sociological Paradigms 4.2 Definition of Organizational Culture with Google culture4.3 Evaluation of Google hierarchical culture on the Cultural Dimension Theory4.3.1-Power Distance4.3.2 - Individualism4.3.3 - Masculinity 4.3.4 - Uncertainty Avoidance Index4.3.5 - Long term orientation5. Assessment of Google authoritative culture on Edgar Schein’s Three degrees of Culture5.1 Artifacts:5.2 Espoused Values:5.3 Basic Assumptions and Values:6. Reactions 6.1 Cultural measurement theory:6.2 Sociological Paradigm: Conclusion ReferencesRelated 1.Introduction Dissecting an association is close to concentrating first its beginning its adages and convictions and the future it holds for the general public that it lives in. For most organizations, an association is neither a science nor a workmanship; it’s a confusing expression. It's anything but an outcome from deliberate, orderly arranging be that as it may, molded more by legislative issues than by approaches. In any case, seeing an association from a basic perspective would eclipse all the turn of events and innovation that numerous associations have added to our general public. In the expressions of Walt Disney fellow benefactor of the Walt Disney Company expresses that â€Å"Whatever we achieve is because of the joined exertion. The association must be with you or you dont complete it In my association there is regard for each person, and we as a whole have a sharp regard for the public†. The creator has decided to discuss the Google culture from an Interpretivism point of view as she functioned as an Ad Words Representative for the association. 2. Hierarchical Background Google Inc an American open partnership wins its returns fundamentally from its promoting which is identified with its Internet search, email, web based mapping, office profitability, person to person communication, and video sharing. Google is certifiably not a regular organization and with no aim to become one either. All through Google’s advancement as a secretly held organization they have consistently done it any other way, where the accentuation is laid on the inventiveness and challenge of its kin which has brought about giving impartial, precise and free access data for its clients. The beginning of this association starts with its prime supporters Larry Page and Sergey Bin graduated class of Stanford University where it was consolidated as a secretly held association on September 4, 1998 and afterward was moved to open proprietorship on August nineteenth 2004. The association is all around spread across beginning from the Head office in Mountain View California, with a portion of its auxiliaries being India, United Kingdom, Germany, Brazil, Czech Republic, Poland, South Africa, and so forth. With roughly 20,000 representatives working for this association it has been casted a ballot by Fortune Magazine as ‘The Best Company’ to work for the second time in February 2008. 3. Examination 3.1 Data assortment The examination of the association is finished concerning the Indian auxiliary that is geologically situated in the south of India-Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh.â The creator functioned as an As Words delegate for the association. The information assortment for this investigation depends on an abstract and target viewpoint, the emotional information being the author’s perceptions, recognitions and encounters, and the goal being what is imparted and accepted inside the association throughout the years. The creator relates the investigations to the one year work understanding, work connections, work atmosphere and culture, preparing and assessment strategies which was picked up and experienced at the association. The creator likewise takes into tally the quality of the workforce and the huge office in worry in which the creator was a mean and worked for. The quality of the workforce noted to be a careful number of a 1000 representatives for the year 2007-2008 who worked for this a uxiliary dealing with the Online Sales Operation for Asia Pacific, with Ad Words being the primary income creating item other than that of Ad Sense. 3.2 Theories applied The investigation of the association has been done on the transformational factor, Organizational culture, with a connection to that of the author’s worldview on Burrell Morgan’s Sociological Paradigms and Organizational Analysis, Heinemann, 1979 . Geert Hofstede’s ‘Cultural measurements theory’ has been utilized as the primary model of investigation, in any case, to move past the national culture measurement and towards the associations levels of culture Edgar Schein’s ‘Three levels of culture’ has additionally been applied. Burrell Morgan’s Sociological Paradigms gives a viewpoint of the author’s quadrant of observation on the organization. Besides, the focal point of study is from a radical humanistic perspective, the creator falls under this worldview accepting that change starts with person. The underneath given investigation likewise covers the authors perspective on authoritative culture which is upheld by the meeting with Fortune Magazine. 4. Worldview Hierarchical Perception Interpretation 4.1 Burrell Morgan’s Sociological Paradigms Understanding that the paper requires an increasingly engaged and explicit investigation Burrell Morgan’s Sociological Paradigms and Organizational Analysis, Heinemann, 1979 ideal models has been applied as this synchronic model bodes well, which it spots to time measurement on the examination and comprehension of associations. It tends to be understood that a worldview is a focal point through which we see the world, every focal point giving their own significance and suppositions about the idea of the world and the manner in which it is should be appeared well and good of.â There are a wide range of focal points, which exist for survey and understanding the world, and what follows will be a vital rearrangements of a complex and continually moving arrangement of limits that characterize the current standards (Penny cook, A. 2001). Clarifying Burrell Morgan’s Theory it is created by a 22 grid plan to help order and comprehend existing sociological speculations depende nt on four significant standards. The framework was organized dependent on the four principle banters in humanism, which was then additionally merged into two crucial issues that structure the pivot of the 22 lattice. Sociological Paradigms Functionalist Paradigm (target guideline): Individuals in this worldview rest upon the reason that society has a genuine solid presence and an efficient character and is coordinated toward the creation of request and guideline. The sociology endeavor is accepted to be goal and worth free. This worldview have a practical direction, it is worried about understanding society such that produces valuable, usable information. (Craig Paul, 1991) Interpretive Paradigm (emotional guideline): From this point of view, social reality, despite the fact that having request and guideline, never understands an outside solid structure. Rather it is the result of between abstract understanding. The objective of this worldview is of building up a simply ‘objective’ sociology is a plausible one. (Craig Paul, 1991) Radical Humanist Paradigm (abstract radical change). The observation in this worldview shares its suspicions with that of the interpretive worldview that regular the truth is socially developed and kept up. Scholars in this worldview are fundamentally worried about discharging social limitations that limit human potential. They consider the to be prevailing belief systems as isolating individuals from their actual selves. (Craig Paul, 1991) Radical Structuralist Paradigm (Objective Radical change): This worldview accepts that social the truth is viewed as to a great extent autonomous of the manner in which it is socially built. It has its very own outer presence. The social world is included by natural strains and logical inconsistencies; these powers serve to realize radical change in the social framework overall (Craig Paul, 1991). The ideal models relate to hypotheses of associations, that which coincides representing and communicating affirming and opposing perspectives about what and association is and what it is should be and how might we approach procuring such information. Figure 1 Sociological Paradigms Subsequent to having being managed the Sociological Paradigm survey, the author’s worldview was built up as being on the Interpretivist Paradigm of the Quadrant. Albeit, an extreme humanist may share the suspicion that regular the truth is socially built and kept up with that of the interpretive worldview, this social development is tied to’ pathology of consciousness’, a circumstance where the creator gets herself a detainee of the social world that she makes (Craig Paul, 1991). Nonetheless, too said by David Collins (1996), understanding the person’s worldview from a survey can't give the individual the correct perspective on which worldview we fall in as its simply basic exercise and the peruser comprehension and temperament by then of welcomes a major effect in transit the peruser addresses the inquiry. Along these lines, however this assessment may give the creators worldview further investigation on different events would help affirm the assessment. 4.2 Definition of Organizational Culture with Google culture Louis, (1980) characterizes culture as a comprehension or implications shared by a gathering of individuals. Thus Edgar Schein goes somewhat further and clarifies hierarchical culture as â€Å"apattern of shared essential suspicions that the gathering educated as it tackled its issues of outer adjustment and inside reconciliation that has functioned admirably enough to be viewed as legitimate and, in this way, to be instructed to new individuals as the right way yo

Pros and Cons of Teacher Websites Research Paper - 1

Advantages and disadvantages of Teacher Websites - Research Paper Example Study hall sites have been perceived for their straightforward yet significant commitment to the instructive world, however not without a decent amount of negative focuses. In any case, the clients of this device ought to assess whether these imperfections exceed the commitment that it makes to learning. The primary capacity of a study hall site is to fill in as an extra and advantageous technique for the educators to impart data to their understudies. From this, spring the numerous focal points of having a homeroom site. The way that it is an innovation based apparatus, in any case, has certain inconveniences. One enormous favorable position of this is educators can generally leave notes as updates for the understudy on this site. The notes can be relating to any significant issue examined in class, which the instructor doesn't need the understudies to overlook. This particularly incorporates things like schoolwork, declarations, and class rules. An understudy who can't remember the schoolwork relegated for a subject can just sign on to the site to see the update that the educator left for the understudies. This in any case, requires the instructor to refresh the site after each and every exercise (Greenspan, 2002). This can be a tedious action, particularly for instructors who have different classes to oversee. Aside from this, the instructor may likewise utilize this site to make declarations and offer news. This incorporates declarations, for example, advising the class regarding an up and coming fieldtrip or the undoing of a class. The requirement for such declarations for the most part emerges after class stands excuses. Subsequently, if the educator posts such declarations on the web, this spares the instructor the difficulty of illuminating the understudies through other, lengthier methods, and it additionally guarantees that the news is shown.

Analyze a Retailer Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Investigate a Retailer - Research Paper Example After this securing the organization developed continuously in size and activities and the treatment facilities figure was expanded to 16 before the finish of 1997. All through the 80s and the 90s period, the organization worked in broadened vitality tasks for example from the refining of oil based commodities to the showcasing of those items. Valero Energy Corporation creates and showcases various items in the market. Their items run from gas to stream fuel. Other than these, the organization additionally delivers other forte items, for example, Propane, Process oils, Asphalt, and so forth. The organization works in the United States, Canada and the Caribbean through its retail outlets. The organization had been performing great as far as gainfulness yet in the year 2009, their benefits had changed into misfortunes. The organization had detailed lost $58 million dollars which was a superior benefit figure of $761 million of every 2008. This destruction would have been a direct result of the worldwide downturn. The organization intends to fortify their situation by changing this misfortune consider along with a benefit figure and keeping in unblemished for additional years to follow. (Yearly Report,

Importance of Jazz - Free Essay Example

In America music has a tremendous influence on culture. Many immigrants brought their culture to America with them. Jazz music has a direct correlation with African Americans and their culture from Africa and became intertwined with the Civil Rights Movement. During the Civil Rights Movement African Americans were being treated unfairly. Many African Americans joined movements such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and more to help fight injustice. Others started to perform Jazz. African Americans would start gathering to listen to these musicians perform. Through the music many of the performers would sing about what was happening around the Civil Rights Movement such as social injustice and racial equality. A famous couple that performed together were John and Alice Coltrane, who were known for bringing up what was happening around the world at the time. The white community has always been against the African Americans music ever since they started playing music while working on the fields. That never stopped the African Americans from doing what they love. Being derived from the Blues, Jazz was performed in various settings and places. Jazz brought the black and white communities closer as they h ad something in common, their music. Jazz helped many African Americans during the Civil Rights Movement by motivating them and bringing them all together during performances with positivity. Jazz is an important part of the Civil Rights Movement, it impacted many African Americans, influenced white musicians, and helped African Americans in society. African Americans had it hard with music from the moment they came to America. African slaves used drumming and singing as a type of communication to the gods. While working in the fields they began to drum and sing work songs which was then later banned. When they would sing the work songs, they sang to the gods to help the crops grow. They would usually sing in African languages, so their masters did not know what they were saying. In effect to them praying to the gods, References to the gods or religions of Africa were suppressed by the white masters as soon as they realized what these were. The whites soon learned that too constant evocation of the African gods could mean that those particular Africans were planning on leaving the plantation as soon as they could! (Jones 19). Whites saw African religion as barbarous. Soon after they banned the drumming because they saw it as a form of revolt. Although African Americans began drumming in different ways such as clapping the hands a nd tapping the feet a technique known as pattin juba. Without African Americans there would be no African culture, the African Americans also brought the Blues which then transitioned into Jazz to America. The Blues and Jazz have many similarities because Jazz derived from the Blues, although Jazz is harder to define because it is a broader genre than the Blues. Certain aspects of the Blues derived from slavery, which would soon form the path the blues would take. In fact, the freedom of slaves had a great positive impact on the African Americans through the Reconstruction Era. It was during this period that the overthrowing of African Americans rights as new citizens caused organizations like the Ku Klux Klan, Men of Justice, and Pale Faces started to appear and revolt. These organizations primarily consisted of disenfranchised poor white men, their ways eventually caused the more uneducated African Americans to accept the idea of segregation to be the last option for them to continue living in the white South. These events eventually lead to African Americans gaining more status in America, even at its worst according to LeRoi Jones this idea was taken to be too Negroid (Jones 58). T his caused churches of color to start using more white church music as they could, while white churches housed more traditional music and the choir will sing Bach or Handel during certain holidays. Colored churches were known to house more soulful lyrics in their music. These soulful lyrics began the development of the Blues, a type of music which was the most impressive reminder for these people of slavery and of their less cultivated brothers (Jones 59). At the time, shouts, chants, or even hollers receiving the same treatment as if it were considered blues music. Instrumental blues, otherwise known as Jazz music has been hard to originate due to the fact it could not have existed without blues as the blues has become a way of playing Jazz although the times or origins were fairly spread apart. Jazz is a type of music originated by African Americans in the late 19th century. Jazz has been symbolically linked to the Civil Rights Movement helping African Americans speak through it. It was a classical way for African Americans to perform in front of the white audience and explain what they are going through. For example, in What Did I Do to Be So Black and Blue? lyrics from a popular musical, include My only sin/ Is in my skin/ What did I do/ To be so Black and Blue. by Louis Armstrong. The lyrics, out of the context of the show and sung by a black performer in that period, were a risky and weighty commentary (Verity), because it brought the violence of racism to the forefront of society. This is significant because it shows the ideas of implementing various injustices, in the songs and lyrics to help inspire other artists. Explaining through the music to the white listeners the racial issues that were occurring during that time. Through Jazz it was a way that the performers w ere judged on their performance not on the color of their skin. Many of the African American Jazz performers were outspoken activist and they could speak through their music, not only directly to other African Americans but to the white community as well. Jazz to an African American listener is much more meaningful than Jazz to a white listener. When the musicians would perform about equality and injustice the African American listeners were living through the same issues. Jazz and the Civil Rights Movement had a very similar upbringing. Although both the civil rights and Jazz were happening for a while they both hit their peak around the 1950s. The birth of the civil rights began with the death of slavery, while the birth of Jazz becoming as popular as it was being an effect of the civil rights. The pre-civil rights movement lead to the full-fledged Civil Rights Movement, whereas pre-jazz lead to the development of the Jazz genre. Because most of the musical influences on early Jazz age are old Negro spirituals and plantation folk song and dance music, the fact that the pre-jazz and early Jazz age coincided with the pre-civil rights movement becomes increasingly more sufficient. (Tyle). This was significant because it started the progression of African American art and presence in society. While both pre-jazz and pre-civil rights were created into full movements, the civil rights came to an end. The Civil Rights Movement came to an end with the end of segregation. Jazz never came to an end and is still commonly listened to and performed. The meanings from the performers during the Civil Rights Movement have much more value than the Jazz that is played today. There were many performers of Jazz during the Civil Rights Movement. As mentioned above many were outspoken activists, but the known activists that were Jazz performers touched many more people. The Coltranes were well known activists during the Civil Rights Movement and being musically inclined helped them touch a much wider range of people. John Coltrane was a very spiritual man, and he believed that his music was a way to message a much higher power. As Alice Coltrane said Of course John Coltrane is the one who inspires everybody, if you were fortunate enough to be in his presence in those days. He would always encourage you to fully express what you had (Berkmen 43). He not only was an inspiration to civil rights activist but also to other musicians. He was a strong believer in fighting for what you believe in. A well-known song that John Coltrane wrote in 1963 was Alabama this was his greatest contribution to the civil rights movement. The lyrics were inspired by Martin Luther K ings funeral speech and left a lasting impression on Coltrane. He used this inspiration to highlight the racial issues and segregation through the words of his song. This is important because it shows how Jazz was used as a tool to create a greater understanding of temporary issues through music. Louis Armstrong, another African American Jazz musician, was the Uncle Tom of Jazz meaning his audience were mostly white folks. His lyrics were related to the Jim Crow Laws and how he was against them and the white would listen. African Americans were not the only people performing Jazz, white people began to perform too. LeRoi Jones explains that the whites started picking up Jazz and how The Negro had created a music that offered such a profound reflection of America that it could attract white Americans to want to play it or listen to it. (Jones 149). White Americans began picking up Jazz and performing as well and were often referred to as White Jazz. This created a common cultural ground between the black and the white communities performing different styles of divergent cultures. Many white musicians from Chicago started performing Jazz in their own way calling it Chicago Jazz. According to Jones the entrance of the white man into Jazz at this level of sincerity and emotional legitimacy did at least bring him, by implication, much closer to the Negro. The musical debt to Negro music had to be understood (Jones 151), meaning that through playing Jazz it brought whites closer to blacks. Although the Jazz played by white people was not the same as the Jazz played by African Americans, white Jazz mu sicians did have the same cultural circumstances, making Jazz a learned art. The Blues had very little weight on white American culture which shows in the difference of Jazz performed between the whites and blacks. Being an important part of Jazz, they must have the attitude from the blues, which is consistent in the making of Jazz. The trumpets of Bix Beiderbecke, a white Jazz musician, and Louis Armstrong were very different. The white middle-class boy from Iowa was the product of a culture which could place Louis Armstrong but could never understand him (Jones 154). This means Bix could play Louis songs in a different way because he was never able to understand the underlying rhythm of the Blues within the Jazz songs. Even though the Jazz of a white man and a black man were similar they were never the same. Black Jazz greatly impacted the society of many African American lives whereas whites just played it for fun. During the Civil Rights Movement Jazz helped the African American society in many positive ways. Music is essential to the African American experience in the United States because that is their cultural background. Facing racial discrimination, racism, and segregation they always felt comfort in their music even when African Americans first arrived to America. The passion to change society came from many forms of anger and grief all being transformed into positive motivation for change. Most of the songs represented the struggles the African Americans faced and listening to the songs created a bond between the community. The music was an uplifting encouragement to the African Americans fight for freedom like, Alabama by John Coltrane. Many black Jazz musicians perform an improvisation of their music speaking straight from the soul, which was a unique style of African American Jazz. The history of Jazz proves that African Americans were the creators of Jazz which is a major accomplish ment for blacks. According to Wheaten, being an inventor is a job not to entertain, but rather, to make the listener aware and to force the audience to confront often disturbing realities and hidden truths about themselves, their society and their world (Wheaten 143). Jazz created a sense of integration between blacks and whites within the industry. While discrimination and everything was still happening in the outside world within the Jazz community, musicians were considered as equal. Even though they created Jazz, commercial success of Jazz was only maintained by whites. Yet most white musicians did not have the ability to improvise Jazz and put their whole heart into it as the blacks did. Jazz and music in general was very important to the African Americans because it was a chance to escape from reality. Music brought families and friends together to have a goodtime during what was such an awful time. Many people do not think of Jazz when talking about the Civil Rights Movement. Yet Jazz played such an important role in the lives of many African Americans. They had a huge musical background in Africa and this developed into their culture in America. while finding new ways to sing and dance after being banned, to creating an entire genre of music. Jazz was a way of fighting back through the lyrics, speaking out, and explaining what they were going through. The Blues were also an important part of the creation of Jazz, considering that is where Jazz originated. Many African American Jazz performers are influenced by the Blues. With Jazz becoming so popular, artist such as John Coltrane, began using famous speeches as inspiration. Many activists would listen to the music and be inspired to keep fighting for their freedom. This was the goal of many of the songs: to speak out and talk about what was happening. Some Jazz musicians performed primarily for white audience and spoke of raci al inequality in their lyrics. White people then began picking up on Jazz and started to perform as well, even though their Jazz did not compare to black Jazz. Black Jazz performer spoke through their music, whereas it was just a learned talent for whites. Jazz helped many blacks in society in positive ways. Where they performed their music, they were judged on their musical talent and not their skin color. Even though the Civil Rights Movement is over, Jazz continues to be played every day and is now considered as a classic music genre around the world. Works Cited Berkmen, Franya J. American Studies. Appropriating Universality: The Coltranes and 1960s Spirituality Vol. 48, No. 1 (Spring 2007), Pages 41-62. Gerard, C. (1998). Jazz in black and white: Race, culture, and identity in the jazz community. Jones, LeRoi. Blues People: Negro Music in White America. New York: William Morrow, 1963. Tyle, Chris. Jazz History: The Standards (1930s), www.jazzstandards.com/history/ Verity, Michael. How Jazz Helped Fuel the Civil Rights Movement. Thoughtco., Thoughtco, www.thoughtco.com/jazz-and-the-civil-rights-movement-2039542. Wheaton, J. (1994). All that jazz! New York: Ardsley House

The Apartheid of Music in South Africa Essay - 709 Words

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The Magicians Nephew †Temptation †Reflection Statement free essay sample

Reflection Statement My visual representation is of the temptation genre. It is a scene out of the book ‘The Magicians Nephew’ showing the decision that the character Digory has to make, regarding whether to eat the apple and be youthful forever or take it to Aslan and save his mother’s live. To illustrate to the reader the choice Digory has to make I have used multiple visual techniques. I have used symbolism mainly on, the character in question, Digory. The question mark over his head suggests confusion on which path to chose, good, or evil. It is in bold and contrasting the other colours because I want his confusion to be noted. The silver apple in Digory’s hand represents good and evil; depending on which path he decides to take. The small girl represents Polly and she is wearing a pale blue dress, and the dark brown horse with wings represents the character Fledge. We will write a custom essay sample on The Magicians Nephew – Temptation – Reflection Statement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The woman to the opposite side of the page represents Jadis the queen of Charn and she’s evil. At the bottom of the page there is the rhyme that clarifies the choices and their outcomes. I have put Digory in the centre of the page because he is the main character in the scene, and the outcome rests on his shoulders. He is the salient image while, the other characters are part of the scene and relevant, they are not the focus. Polly, Fledge and, Jadis are on opposite sides of the page because they are opposition to each other, and all the while, Digory decides. I have used mostly earthy and green colours to indicate freshness of the new world. Jadis’s dress is deep dark purple, the colour of royalty, because she was the majestic queen of Charn and the darker colours represent how she is demonic and evil. Polly, on the other hand, is wearing pale blue because she is good and innocent. The writing at the bottom has a gold background because it was written on the gate and the gate was gold. Overall, I feel that my visual representation clearly represents temptation in the book ‘The Magicians Nephew’. I like the layout and think that the spacing shows a good understanding of the bonds between Digory and Polly, and Digory and Jadis. I also love how the rhyme at the bottom of the page fits with the picture nicely. If I were to do this again I would use a border, and I hope the reader likes and feels for my drawing.

Turbografix 16 the beginning Essay Example For Students

Turbografix 16 the beginning Essay In Japan, shortly after the introduction of Nintendos Famicom (Japans version of the NES), the electronics giant NEC entered into the videogame market with the introduction of their next generation system, known as the PC Engine (PCE). The PCE boasted a 16-bit graphics chip capable of displaying up to 256 colors on screen at once, at a number of resolutions. Although its CPU wasnt much more powerful that of the NES, its spectacular graphics chip and six-channel sound bettered the Famicom in every way. It utilized a sleek new card format (PCE games are either HuCards or Turbochips) to hold its software, rather than bulky cartridges. It was also the first console to boast a CD-ROM drive, for full orchestral soundtracks and even (gasp!) full motion video. The PC Engine was immensely popular in Japan, outselling the Famicom by a significant margin. We will write a custom essay on Turbografix 16 the beginning specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In 1989, two years after its Japanese introduction, NEC announced plans to bring the PC Engine overseas, to the booming videogame market of the U.S. With a huge library of Japanese software, it seemed to many as though the system couldnt possibly fail. At the time, the NES was the #1 system in the US. Games were no longer being made for Ataris 7800, and despite the popularity of the Sega Master System in Europe, it failed to capture the hearts of the U.S. gaming public. Arcade and computer games began to set new standards in visual and aural excellence, making the NES seem primitive in comparison. Although MMC (memory mapper) chips allowed the NES to do some pretty spectacular things, the game-buying public was hungry for a new system. Shortly after NEC stated its intention to bring the PC Engine to the U.S., Sega announced that its Mega Drive system (released in Japan a year after the PC Engine) would also be coming to the U.S. as the Sega Genesis. The Mega Drive was slow to catch on in Japan, as the installed user base of PC Engine was so large. In fact, the Mega Drive was spectacularly unpopular with our Japanese friends. Although the Mega Drive boasted superior graphics and sound, the absence of a CD-ROM drive was a definite minus in most gamers minds. Once youve played a CD-ROM game, cartridge games just dont seem as good. At the time, the Genesis didnt seem like much of a threat to the assured success of the TurboGrafx-16 (NECs American name for the PC Engine). The TG-16 had more games, and it took advantage of the massive storage capacity of CD-ROM. The stage was set for the battle of the next generation systems, and in Christmas of 1989 the war began. Sales of both machines were brisk, due to massive national ad campaigns by both Sega and NEC. Sega had its library of arcade hits to back up the Genesis, and the original release of the system boasted the mediocre, but arcade-popular Altered Beast as its pack-in game. Although Altered Beast is just slightly better than terrible, the TG-16s pack-in game (Keith Courage in Alpha Zones), made Altered Beast look like a triumph of video game engineering. To Segas credit, it released the excellent Phantasy Star 2 soon after the Genesis introduction, much to the delight of RPG fans. Conversely, it would be over a year before the TG-16 had its first true RPG. Word began to spread that the TG-16 was not a true 16-bit system, as its CPU was only 8-bit. Though the TurboGrafx had no trouble holding its own against the Genesis as far as graphics, as far as sound and speed are concerned, it was somehow inferior in the minds of many gamers.

Life and Legend of Howard Hughes essays

Life and Legend of Howard Hughes essays The Life and Legend of Howard Hughes Throughout the 20th century, it has been the medias job to pinpoint what events and people would prove to be an effective story. This was certainly the case for Howard R. Hughes. Son to the wealthy Howard Hughes Sr., Howard became the interest of the American people and newspapers for most of his life. Being deemed one of the most famous men of the mid-20th century was greatly attributed to Hughess skills as an industrialist, aviator, and motion-picture producer combined with his enormous wealth, intellect, and achievement. The media thrived on Howards unusual and sometimes scandalous life, especially in his later years when newspapers would frequently front large amounts of money to get stories on Hughes. Howard was also associated with what has been called one of the greatest publishing hoaxes in history. Howard Hughes Sr., commonly known as Big Howard, was a graduate of the Harvard School of Law, yet never once appeared before a court of law. Big Howard spent the first 36 years of his life chasing money across the Texas plains, as a wildcatter and a speculator in oil leases, working hard enough and earning just enough to move on to another, hopefully more fortunate gamble. In the year of his marriage, Big Howard sold leases on land that proved to have $50,000 in oil beneath it. He promptly took his new wife to Europe for a honeymoon, and returned exactly $50,000 poorer. In 1908, Big Howard turned his ingenuity and his hobby to tinker into good fortune. Current drilling technology was unable to penetrate the thick rock of southwest Texas and oilmen could only extract the surface layers of oil, unable to tap the vast resources that lay far below. Big Howard came up with the idea for a rolling bit, with 166 cutting edges and invented a method to keep the bit lubricated as it to re away at the rock. Later that year, Big Howard produced a model and went into b...

Civil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror Essay - 12

Civil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror - Essay Example The effect of Habeas Corpus was first felt when the law of Anglo-Saxon was in existence. In 1215, Habeas Corpus followed the Magna Carta before it was experienced and used by the king and the court that was under him. During the era of King Edward, Habeas Corpus was published in the form of Blackstone by a judge in England. It fought against the imprisonment of people or any one being sent to exile without the law being followed. At the time, Magna Carta was a law that was very common in England. This condition played a vital part in the making of Habeas Carter a law in the English constitution. It is not long ago since Habeas Corpus was incorporated into the system of the United States of America. This was in the year 1801 when the then president of the United States mentioned it in his speech. The president said that the people of the United States of America would be protected by Habeas Corpus so that they could continue enjoying their freedom. It was then put in the constitution of the country where it is still being used in the present day in the United States of America. Habeas Corpus has adapted the same tradition as that of the England whereby it ensures that people are imprisoned legally and for a legal reason (Gregory, 2013). The first time it was suspended in the United States of America was by the then president Abraham Lincoln. The president did this after he heard that the officials of Maryland who dealt with anti-war issues were planning to destroy the railway that was connecting the United States of America to Annapolis and Philadelphia. This rail was very important in the supplying the needs to the soldiers who were getting ready to attack and fight the south (Gregory, 2013) Lincoln only suspended it in Maryland route and was mainly influenced by the requests that the generals of the army proposed. The generals wanted military courts to be set up so that he could rein over his opponents politically. Abraham

Euthanasia should be legalized by the AMA Essay

Euthanasia should be legalized by the AMA - Essay Example In some countries it is against the law to assist terminally ill patients to commit suicide. Euthanasia plainly means painless death but this has become a worldwide debate because doctors are helping people die rather than saving their lives, patients with chronic disorders are given pills and they die painlessly but is this justifiable? Doctors should not take lives; they are supposed to save lives. More will be presented in this paper about euthanasia. Final exit network is another NGO which helps terminally ill patients in assisted suicides. This NGO is known for accepting patients who are suffering from fatal diseases like cancer, heart failure, Parkinson’s disease and so on. Usually it is very difficult for such patients to be adopted by an NGO but Final exit is an exception and it accepts almost everyone. The near and dear ones of the terminally ill die each day, they suffer from physical and emotional trauma isn’t assisted suicide better than dying each day? It may not be the best option but when emotional pain and suffering supersedes everything, one is left with a handful of options. There are two ways in which euthanasia can be performed, the first one is when the doctor or the nurse gives a medicine which takes the life away of a terminally ill patient and the other is when the doctor or the nurse choose to ignore the patient and the patient dies upon not getting the proper medication. The zillion dollar question is who should decide when a terminally ill patient should be assisted with suicide or not? This is one question which is extremely difficult to answer, most times it is the relatives of the terminally ill patient who take a call and the doctors go ahead with it in some countries where assisted suicide is allowed. â€Å"Euthanasia groups  appeared  for the first time in England and America in the early 20 th  century. During the Second World War the Nazis in Germany had their own euthanasia

Gender Ideologies in Local Context Essay Example for Free

Gender Ideologies in Local Context Essay Present essay deals with analysis of gender ideologies’ functioning in certain local contexts. The latter is discussed through the prism of interactionist approach, which seems to be the most effective in terms of describing micro-level at which gender ideologies function. It provides with possibilities for studying how performative, discourse and social strategies of actors realized in local contexts are embedded in general gender ideology framework. For the present analysis a bar was chosen as the local context, where field study was conducted and gender ideologies’ reflection in interactions between men and women were analyzed. The central research question of this paper, hence, may be formulated as follows: how do gender ideologies shape interactions between men and women in bar or night club? Gender ideologies in local contexts: interactionist approach. Gender ideologies represent certain social and cultural constructs, which structure the perception of female and masculine identities, societal roles, family status and production relations etc (Philips, 2). Gender ideologies should be understood as a product of social structure, which fosters different roles of men and women in society. For instance, it may be said that currently dominant perception of women in society was formed within predominantly patriarchal discourse. Paradoxically, patriarchal perception of women affects their own gender ideology and identity, which often corresponds with socially constructed identity. Hence, women’s interactions with men are affected by the absence of their organic self-identity – they are forced to interact within the discourse created by men. However, the latter is realized through women’s own discursive system, which may be described as the micro-level of gender ideology. As Lakoff suggests, women and men learn their distinct languages from the childhood, which being the part of universal language, in fact reflect different identities in gender interactions (Lakoff, 222). Interactions, according to interactionist approach are based on endowing of certain subjective actions of the Other with meaning and symbols (Blumer, 45). In gender interactions, such meaning is ascribed to actions, based on gender ideologies. For instance, as Lakoff suggests of women’s discourse, ‘If she refuses to talk like a lady, she is ridiculed and subjected to criticism as unfeminine’ (Lakoff, 222). The latter example shows that gender ideologies are genuinely embedded in gender interactions, because they form the frame of understanding, actions’ meaning and behavior. Moreover, as Lakoff suggests, there exist considerable differences between women’s and men’s use of vocabulary, especially as far as the use of strong words, adjectives and particles are concerned (Lakoff, 223-224). The latter may be evident in any local context, including gender interactions in bar or nightclub, as it would be shown. Any local context activates specific aspects of gender ideology. According to Philips, notwithstanding culture, ‘There are at least four aspects of human experience that regularly enter into gender ideologies. These include work, appearance, sexuality and reproduction’ (Philips, 8). There is no denying the importance of the fact, that in the interactionist context, analyzed in this paper, such aspects as sexuality and appearance come into play in the first place. Based on these general theoretic considerations concerning gender ideologies let us analyze their reflection in concrete location’s context of bar, based on the empirical data collected in the field study. Gender Ideologies in gender interactions in bar Field research for this study was conducted in Dirtbags Bar and Grille in Tucson, AZ on June 1, 2009 during 10:30-Midnight. The data collection orientation focused on observing how gender ideologies affect gender interactions in this situational context. The first observation includes objective behavioral patterns of men and women during their visit to bar. It was established as a fact, that men may arrive to bar both in 3-4 individuals groups and alone. Women, as the field study found never arrive alone, but only with their boyfriend of female friend. The latter situation may be interpreted through the prism of Butler’s approach to gender identity construction. According to Buttler, identity is constructed based on repetition of certain behavioral patterns, gestures, discourses etc (Butler, 519). The latter implies that social structures, existing in society already provide women with stable behavioral orientations, taught to them by their families, older friends. One of such behavioral codes, which are immediately linked to gender ideology may be described as the cultural taboo for visiting entertainment public places alone. Such taboo is connected first of all with institutionalized male perception of women, being alone in the bar or night club, as the invitation for sexual relations. Based on this perception, visiting bar alone for women automatically means moral fault, since she is immediately associated with prostitute etc. Unlike women’s case, in men’s gender ideology the problem of man’s visiting bar alone does not exist, since it is not problematized as gender issue at all. Therefore, it is evident that men have more behavioral options and may choose between them to one’s own like. Buttler suggests that gender identities and ideologies are constructed through theatrical and performative interactions (Buttler, 520). The latter is particular evident in women’s focus on their dress, while visiting the bar. Women are more prone to put the emphasis on their own clothes and comment on the apparels of their female friends. They often made complements concerning good dress of each other. As the same time, men regularly have no tendency to comment on the clothes of their male friends. Instead, they often make complements to women concerning their dress. The latter observations show that gender ideology functions through performative and theatrical behavior reflected in the culture of dressing. Men are relatively indifferent to what their friends wear, however, pay much attention to what women wear. The performative and theatrical role of gender ideologies is also evident in women and men behavior, when they enter the bar. Women express much more willingness to be noticed by public, including both men and women, as they immediately look for people they know. Unlike, women, men seem to be less tied by any social obligations as they often go straight to the bar and order drinks and only after this greet people they know. Moreover, a bar serves for men a spot to sit down, while women prefer staying near the bar and being attentive to what is going on around them. Gender ideological conventions concerning sexuality are also evident in the types of drinks ordered by men and women. First of all, male gender ideology is obvious in the wide-spread practice of ordering drinks by men for women, especially as the part of acquaintance or showing sexual interest. Such behavior is often welcomed by women, who are embedded in gender ideologies of men, because women are prone to interpret such attention as the marker of sympathy and often use it in their own interest. As far as the type of beverages, drunk by men and women are concerned, men usually do not differentiate between different drinks, while women often order low calorie beverages such as ‘diet coke and Bacardi’ or sugar free redbull. The latter shows that the majority of women are embedded in the discourse relating to their appearance and sexuality, which is according to Philips is one of the central aspects of gender ideology (Philips, 9). Women, embedded in gender ideology, try to follow its main conventions in any local context, including bar. Gender interactions in bar are also characterized by both and men and women behavior directed at emphasizing correspondingly their femininity and masculinity. Men in the conversation with women always try to lower the pitch of their voices, while women often raise it. As Tannen suggests, such strategies are inherently gender, because they are affected by existing ideological representations of femininity and masculinity (Tannen, 169). In these ideological representations masculinity is characterized by the low pitch of voice, which is associated with men authority and women’s high pitch, associated with her secondary role in society. Gender socialization patterns in bar are also very informative, as far as the reflection of gender ideologies is concerned. Women feel more comfortable always being in company either of their female or male friends. In contrast, men may be either alone or in company without any differentiation. For women being in company guarantees the stability of her identity, because she may fully realize her performative and theatrical patterns of behavior. In contrast, being alone often causes negative gender connotations. Gender interactions in a bar are predominantly initiated by men, when a member of a male group offers a drink to a woman or a group of women. Often women refuse such invitations, however, in a majority of cases they agree even if they feel compelled and uncomfortable in communicating with the large group of men. A man being alone, however, is less prone to initiate conversations with women, than if he finds himself in company. There is no denying the importance of the fact, that the discussed pattern of gender interactions in bar reflects certain features of dominant gender ideologies. As Butler suggests, gender interactions are regulated by social sanctions and taboos (Butler, 520). One of such taboos may be formulated as follows: women are generally not eligible to initiate gender interactions with men; such priority solely belongs to the latter due to their primary role in gender relations. The realization of this taboo is particularly evident in bar context, where women generally behave in such a manner in order to stimulate men’s interest, however, their own interests is hidden from public. A woman may be interested in communicating with a given man, however, due to certain gender limitations she is more likely to refuse from her ambitions. Moreover, men usually feel uncomfortable when gender interactions are initiated by women, because it is usually mocked up in his male company. Hence, it may be postulated that taboos and limitations relating to gender interactions exist both in male and female gender ideologies. If a woman and a man know each other they usually greet by hugs, kisses and even if they are not engaged in romantic relations, they often show some kind of flirting. In personal interactions between men and women gender ideologies are also evident in men’s primary role in initiating tactile closeness with women, especially after alcohol drinks, including closeness, flirt, kisses, hugs, joking etc. Women, interested in such gender interactions, would not hesitate to communicate and flirt. However, a woman, who feels uncomfortable in this situation, according to the field study conducted, tries to use any possibility to escape from such kind of interactions. Gender ideologies are also embedded in the purpose of men and women’ visiting bars. Men usually visit bars to chase after women and find the object of their sexual desires etc. Women may also visit bars in this purpose, however, their clear intentions are not seen so obviously as that of men, hence, we may speak of dubious nature of their purpose. Such distribution of gender roles clearly resonates with dominant gender ideology, according to which men have the priority in initiating close gender relations. As far as dancing practices in bars are concerned, men are less prone to dance alone; however, women have no qualms about it. Men prefer dancing if they want to initiate interactions with women – in such a case they dance close to her. Apart from this, gender interactions in bar are often characterized by age limitations. Older women rarely visit such kind of places; however, older men may be seen there more frequently. Conclusion Gender ideologies represent language reflection of certain social and behavioral patterns of men and women and society. They usually refer to different social roles, types of discourse, sanctions and taboos and behavior of men and women. The analysis of gender ideologies in local context of bar showed that they are reflected in concrete interactions. Men and women usually act according to well-established gender conventions of behavior, which are reflected in initiating interactions, purpose of bar visit, behavior in groups, intersexual behavior etc. Women seem to be considerably affected by their representation in men gender ideologies, which means that they have no behavioral choices. In contrast, men’s behavior is characterized by the possibility of choice between a wide range of options. Men may be either alone or with friends, initiate gender interactions or not etc. Women have virtually no choices: they have refuse from initiating interactions, positively respond to any men’s attempt to initiate communication, always be in a company etc. Moreover, gender interactions in bar reflect crucial social perceptions of women sexuality and appearance, which are the first aspect of gender coming into play in bar context. Women put emphasis on their appearance and clothes and often try to present their identity in performative and theatrical way, which according to Buttler, immediately links such kind of behavior to gender strategies. In contrast men, pay less attention to such things and behave in a more casual and free way. Finally, men’s behavior in a bar is regulated by the lesser number of social sanctions and taboos. References Blumer, Herbert (1969). Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. Berkeley: University of California Press. Butler, Judith. (1988). ‘Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory’. Theatre Journal. Vol. 40 # 4, (519-531). Lakoff, Robin. Extract from Language and Woman’s Place. Philips, Susan U. (1999). Gender Ideology, Cross Cultural Aspects. International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd. Tannen, Deborah. â€Å"She is the Boss†: Women and Authority.

An Honorable Knight in King Arthurs Court :: Essays Papers

An Honorable Knight in King Arthur's Court Sir Gawain and the Green Knight In a passage of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Part2, 640-712), the main character sits upon his steed, Gringolet, in front of King Arthurfs court, adorned in golden armor. He is about to depart in order to look for the Green Knight and the Green Chapel since he is the only knight brave enough to take up the Green Knightfs challenge, in which a volunteer is to strike the Green Knightfs head off with an axe, but in return, he has to present himself in the following year to receive a return blow. By reading this passage closely, readers can see the qualities necessary for being an honorable knight in King Arthurfs court. These attributes are to be devoted to the truth, to risk his life, and to confront the most difficult challenges. Sir Gawain has the symbol of a pentangle on his shield, which represents devotion to the truth and perfection. Since Sir Gawain is committed to the truth, he supports and protects his lord when the Green Knight suddenly appears at King Arthurfs court. In addition, the pentangle represents the number five, which symbolizes perfection: gfive fives were confirmed in this knighth (Norton 216). Since Sir Gawain has heightened senses of sight, smell, sound, taste, and touch, he is also considered to have five qualities of perfect knighthood that are geach linked in other, that end there was none, [a]nd fixed to five points, whose force never failed" (Norton, 216). Wearing the shield with the pentangle is honorable for a knight and can be accomplished only by gaining the token of truth from his lord. While the shield with the pentangle represents an honorable knight, his departure conveys the importance of self-sacrifice for honor. Right before he leaves the court, he says ggood dayh (Norton 216) to everyone, who is sending him off, thinking that he shall never return to the court again. Yet, he courageously departs to look for the Green Knight: gNow armed is Gawain gay, [a]nd bears his lance before, [a]nd soberly said good day, [h]e thought forevermoreh (Norton 216). People are sympathetic to Sir Gawain since they disagree with

My Favourite Book Essay

Lots of people read tabloid newspapers. Tabloid nespapers are read by lots of people. 2. Sue Green reads the news on television. The news on television is read by Sue. 3. The witness is helping the police. The police is being helped by the witness. 4. The newspapers aren’t publishing the photographs. The photographs aren’t published by the newspapers. 5. The police have arrested the driver. The driver has been arrested by the police. 6. The thief had taken the painting before the gard woke up. The paintinghad been taken before the guard woke up. 7. The company will deliver the flowers the next day. The flowers will be delivered the next day. 8. The government is going to give every school student a computer. A computer is going to be given to the every school student by the government. 9. You can buy a magazine on the train. A Magazinecan be boughton the train. (by you) 10. My sister made a pop video. The pop videowas made by my sister. Complete this radio news report using a passive form on the verbs in the brackets ! Good afternon . The lunch time news today will be read(read) by John Houard. The prime minister has visited a primary school in Ipswich where she (meet)has been metby the children and their teachers. She opened a new sports centre that (build)was built with money raised by the parents and teachers. Another $20 000 (need)are needed to finish the swimming pool so more money raising activities ( organise)will be organised for the summer months. Earlier today a group of pensioners was in accident when their coach (hit)was hit by lorry. The pensioners (help )were helped by local people until ambulances arrived. Most the passanger (alow)wasn’t alowed to go home immediately, but thoose with more serious injuries (take)have been taken to Norwich central hospital later today. Witnesses say that the lorry (drive)was being drivingtoo fast. Rewrite the sentences using have/get something done ! 1. I will ask someone to repair my school bag. I will have my school bag repaired . 2. My sisters car is being seviced. My sister is getting her car serviced . 3. Someone is testing my father’s eyes. My father is getting his eyes tasted . 4. The grass is too long – I will pay someone to cut it. I will get the grass cut. . 5. I have taken my trousers to the cleaners. I have had my trousers cleaned. Rewrite the descriptions using compound adjectives ! 1. A skiing holiday that is two weeks long. Two-week skiing holiday is too long for me. 2. A baby who is six months old. Six month-old baby is very healthy. 3. A men with white hair. White-haired man is old and lovely. 4. A flight of six hours. Six-hour flight is boring. 5. A carpet made by hand. Handmade carpet is beautiful. Circle the correct preposition to form multipart verbs ! 1. When we have visiters we turn off/over the television. 2. My father always goes to sleep with television turned on/over. . My sister turns on/overthe channel to annoy me. 4. I turn down/to volume during the advertisements. 5. When I want to watch football I turn to/upmy mom for support. Circle the correct words in the latter ! Dear Colleague, On the 14th of june we will be holding a party to celebrate/celebration to success of our latest game show/opera. As you know, Win a Car! Is very popular/popularity and it will be good publish/publicityto hold a big thank-you party for stuff and successful players. The organise/organisation of the party is being done by my assistent. Yours faithfully.

Analysing the Israel-Palestine Conflict in International...

Analysing the Israel-Palestine Conflict in International Relations Perspective Introduction to International Relations Analysing the Israel-Palestine Conflict in International Relations Perspective Background Since the early 20th Century, Israelis and Palestinians have been fighting over the land between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea. With the assumption that Palestine is a state to facilitate discussion, this report sketches out the most significant elements of the conflict on the three levels defined by Kenneth Waltz, and applies the Realist theory of international relations (IR) to the â€Å"Two-State† solution. Levels of analysis 1. First Level The first level focuses on individuals†¦show more content†¦However, divergent values among parties could result in unstable governments. Such instability has been particularly highlighted by frequent national elections and coalition reconstruction in Israel. The PA resembles a classic authoritarian regime under the reign of Mahmoud Abbas even though it is supposed to be democratic. The PA government remains relatively stable under this structure. However, militant groups like Hamas or Palestinian Islamic Jihad could be a credible external threat to the established governance of the PA. Since 2003, conflicts between the two major factions, the traditional dominant party, Fatah, and its subsequent electoral rival, Hamas, have fractured the Palestinian side. â€Å"After the Hamas took power in the Gaza Strip in June 2007, the territory controlled by the PA was split between Fatah in the West Bank, and Hamas in the Gaza Strip.†[1] The estrangement between the parties has led to â€Å"the fall of bipartisan governance of the PA†[2]. 3. Third Level The third level is the international level which can be broken down into sub-groups such as relevant third-party states, transnational actors, international organizations, and the relations between states. The Quartet on the Middle East represented by a special envoy formed by the United States, Russia, and the United Nations is an international contingent mediating the official negotiations. TheShow MoreRelatedBearing Witness Or Bearing A Higher Moral Ground?3212 Words   |  13 PagesBearing Witness or Bearing a Higher Moral Ground? The Paradox of the War and Disaster Journalist of our time Bearing witness in contemporary international journalism ‘’When the people responsible for explaining the world to the world, journalists, cover the Jews’ war as more worthy of attention than any other, when they portray the Jews of Israel as the party obviously in the wrong, when they omit all possible justifications for the Jews’ actions and obscure the true face of their enemies, what